Unable to use external USB2 drive connected to the USB3 port

This is how it looks when it happens:

Plug in the drive:

[Tue Jan 30 22:14:10 2018] usb 1-1.3: new high-speed USB device number 43 using orion-ehci
[Tue Jan 30 22:14:10 2018] usb-storage 1-1.3:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[Tue Jan 30 22:14:10 2018] scsi12 : usb-storage 1-1.3:1.0
[Tue Jan 30 22:14:11 2018] scsi 12:0:0:0: Direct-Access     SAMSUNG  HD204UI               PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 CCS
[Tue Jan 30 22:14:11 2018] sd 12:0:0:0: [sdd] 3907029168 512-byte logical blocks: (2.00 TB/1.81 TiB)
[Tue Jan 30 22:14:11 2018] sd 12:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0
[Tue Jan 30 22:14:11 2018] sd 12:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[Tue Jan 30 22:14:11 2018] sd 12:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 34 00 00 00
[Tue Jan 30 22:14:11 2018] sd 12:0:0:0: [sdd] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[Tue Jan 30 22:14:11 2018]  sdd: sdd1
[Tue Jan 30 22:14:11 2018] sd 12:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI disk
[Tue Jan 30 22:14:11 2018] hotPlug.sh begin(seq=881)...
[Tue Jan 30 22:14:12 2018] hotPlug.sh end(seq=881).
[Tue Jan 30 22:14:23 2018] EXT4-fs (sdd1): recovery complete
[Tue Jan 30 22:14:23 2018] EXT4-fs (sdd1): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)

Ok, it’s properly mounted, share is visible. Now I begin writing a few GB to the drive.

3 minutes later:

First the transfer suddenly pauses, progress bar stops, drive LED stops blinking, total silence, still nothing in the dmesg, no error message yet.
Then maybe 20 seconds later suddenly an outbreak of activity in the dmesg:

[Tue Jan 30 22:17:23 2018] usb 1-1.3: reset high-speed USB device number 43 using orion-ehci
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:23 2018] usb 1-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:23 2018] usb 1-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:23 2018] usb 1-1.3: reset high-speed USB device number 43 using orion-ehci
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:23 2018] usb 1-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:23 2018] usb 1-1.3: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] usb 1-1.3: reset high-speed USB device number 43 using orion-ehci
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] usb 1-1.3: device descriptor read/8, error -71
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] usb 1-1.3: device descriptor read/8, error -71
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] usb 1-1.3: reset high-speed USB device number 43 using orion-ehci
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] usb 1-1.3: device descriptor read/8, error -71
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] usb 1-1.3: device descriptor read/8, error -71
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] sd 12:0:0:0: Device offlined - not ready after error recovery
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] usb 1-1.3: USB disconnect, device number 43
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] sd 12:0:0:0: [sdd] Unhandled error code
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] sd 12:0:0:0: [sdd]  
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Result: hostbyte=0x01 driverbyte=0x00
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] sd 12:0:0:0: [sdd] CDB: 
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] cdb[0]=0x2a: 2a 00 a4 01 b9 bf 00 00 f0 00
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] end_request: I/O error, dev sdd, sector 2751576511
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 343947056
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 343947057
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 343947058
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 343947059
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 343947060
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 343947061
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 343947062
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 343947063
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 343947064
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 343947065
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 343947066
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 343947067
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 343947068
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 343947069
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 343947070
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 343947071
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 343947072
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 343947073
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 343947074
[Tue Jan 30 22:17:24 2018] Buffer I/O error on device sdd1, logical block 343947075

[...]

thousands of I/O errors more