Fixed! You are 100% correct fzabkar :smileyvery-happy:
Here’s the external hard drive case:
Here is the USB-SATA bridge board from inside the case:
Once I connected my hard drive (has the PCB minus the D4 diode) to the USB-SATA bridge board, then connected to my laptop, I can now see the drive and view my family photos again!
Thanks to everyone and many thanks to you fzabkar!