The foam obscures the component of interest. However, the typical result of an overvoltage to an external drive is a shorted 12V TVS diode plus open zero-ohm resistors.
I would examine D4 and R64, plus R60 and R88.
If a PCB repair turns out not to be feasible, then the most you should pay for a “data recovery” is US$50. All you would need to do would be to purchase a compatible PCB and transfer the chip at U12 from patient to donor. Some PCB suppliers include such a service for free.
